Characterization and biocompatibility of chitosan nanocomposites

[Display omitted] ► NPs in chitosan did not aggregate until higher concentrations (120–240 ppm). ► Nanocrystalline domains on chitosan surface were more evident upon addition of AuNPs (60 ppm) or AgNPs (120 ppm). ► Chitosan-Ag nanocomposites had antibacterial ability. ► Chitosan-Au promoted the repair of skin wound and hemostasis of severed hepatic portal vein. Chitosan nanocomposites were prepared from chitosan and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of ∼5 nm size. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the NPs in chitosan did not aggregate until higher concentrations (120–240 ppm). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated that the nanocrystalline domains on chitosan surface were more evident upon addition of AuNPs (60 ppm) or AgNPs (120 ppm). Both nanocomposites showed greater elastic modulus, higher glass transition temperature ( T g) and better cell proliferation than the pristine chitosan. Additionally, chitosan-Ag nanocomposites had antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus. The potential of chitosan-Au nanocomposites as hemostatic wound dressings was evaluated in animal (rat) studies. Chitosan-Au was found to promote the repair of skin wound and hemostasis of severed hepatic portal vein. This study indicated that a small amount of NPs could induce significant changes in the physicochemical properties of chitosan, which may increase its biocompatibility and potential in wound management.