Brain immunohistopathological study in a patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis

Background and purpose: Anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐asparate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is thought to be antibody‐mediated. To perform an immunohistopathological study of the inflammatory reaction in a brain biopsy performed before immunomodulatory treatments in a patient with anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis. Methods: An immunohistochemical study was performed using CD3, CD68, CD20, CD138 and CD1a antibodies. Results: Prominent B‐cell cuffing was present around brain vessels accompanied by some plasma cells, while macrophages and T cells were scattered throughout the brain parenchyma. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the B cells interact with the T cells and are involved in antibody secretion by the plasma cells.