Characterization and Diagnostic Confidence of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Solid Renal Tumors

Abstract The objective was to determine whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) could improve the diagnostic confidence of solid renal masses. CEUS examinations were performed on 51 patients with renal tumors. Histologic findings from surgical specimens ( n = 24) or magnetic resonance imaging follow-up ( n = 27) were used as reference procedures for definitive diagnosis. Diffuse heterogeneous/homogeneous enhancement and quick peripheralnodularenhancement were found to be characteristic patterns in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Dotlike or diffuse heterogeneous/homogeneous enhancement and slow peripheral nodular enhancement were observed as typical enhancement patterns in angiomyolipoma. The results show that CEUS combined with conventional ultrasound significantly improves diagnostic confidence. The sensitivity for RCC diagnosis with this imaging approach was 86% and the specificity was 93%. Both positive and negative predictive values of detection were 90% and the overall accuracy was 90%.