Polymorphisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor associated with heroin dependence

► BDNF gene rs6265 was found to be associated with heroin dependence. ► The genotypes of rs6265 were associated with onset age of heroin dependence. ► BDNF gene rs13306221 was found to be associated with heroin dependence. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes synaptic remodeling and modulates the function of other neurotransmitters. It also plays a role in the reward response to many drugs, including heroin. To identify genetic variants associated with heroin dependence, we compared four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs13306221, rs6265, rs56164415, and rs16917204) of the BDNF gene in 487 subjects with heroin dependence and 492 healthy individuals. The analysis revealed the G allele of rs6265 was significantly more common in heroin-dependent subjects than in the healthy controls (P=0.001 after Bonferroni correction). Among heroin-dependent individuals, the onset of dependence was significantly earlier in individuals with GG or GA genotypes compared to AA individuals (P