Rhetorical Strategies Used in the Reporting of Implantable Defibrillator Primary Prevention Trials
Previous studies have suggest that the authors of randomized trial reports frequently use rhetorical strategies, such as framing, the use of ratios rather than absolute values to report results, and underreporting of complications, to convince readers of treatment efficacy. The objective of this stu...
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Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of cardiology 2011-06, Vol.107 (12), p.1806-1811 |
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description | Previous studies have suggest that the authors of randomized trial reports frequently use rhetorical strategies, such as framing, the use of ratios rather than absolute values to report results, and underreporting of complications, to convince readers of treatment efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine if such rhetorical strategies were used in the publication of implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) primary prevention trials. Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for all publications that described ICD primary prevention trials and that involved >100 subjects. Each publication was analyzed for evidence of message framing, the exclusive use of ratios to report outcomes, underreporting of ICD complications, and interpretation bias favoring ICD therapy. Ten publications were identified. Introductory remarks in 8 of the 10 publications cited the evaluation of ICD benefits as the sole objective and mentioned only background studies that supported ICD efficacy, suggesting message framing in support of ICD efficacy. Five publications provided no specific information about the frequency of unsuccessful ICD implantations, and 8 publications provided incomplete or no information about implantation and postimplantation complications. ICD complications were not mentioned in the discussion sections of 9 publications, and none of the publications included a comprehensive comparison of ICD benefits versus risks, consistent with interpretation bias. Ratios and statistically insignificant data were not used to emphasize ICD benefits. In conclusion, message framing, underreporting of ICD complications, and interpretation bias were used to emphasize ICD efficacy in the reporting of ICD primary prevention trials. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.02.320 |
format | Article |
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The objective of this study was to determine if such rhetorical strategies were used in the publication of implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) primary prevention trials. Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for all publications that described ICD primary prevention trials and that involved >100 subjects. Each publication was analyzed for evidence of message framing, the exclusive use of ratios to report outcomes, underreporting of ICD complications, and interpretation bias favoring ICD therapy. Ten publications were identified. Introductory remarks in 8 of the 10 publications cited the evaluation of ICD benefits as the sole objective and mentioned only background studies that supported ICD efficacy, suggesting message framing in support of ICD efficacy. Five publications provided no specific information about the frequency of unsuccessful ICD implantations, and 8 publications provided incomplete or no information about implantation and postimplantation complications. ICD complications were not mentioned in the discussion sections of 9 publications, and none of the publications included a comprehensive comparison of ICD benefits versus risks, consistent with interpretation bias. Ratios and statistically insignificant data were not used to emphasize ICD benefits. In conclusion, message framing, underreporting of ICD complications, and interpretation bias were used to emphasize ICD efficacy in the reporting of ICD primary prevention trials.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9149</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1913</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.02.320</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21482417</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJCDAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Bias ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cardiology ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Cardiovascular ; Clinical trials ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac - prevention & control ; Defibrillators ; Defibrillators, Implantable - adverse effects ; Humans ; Medical sciences ; Primary Prevention ; Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects) ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - standards ; Rhetoric ; Studies ; Writing</subject><ispartof>The American journal of cardiology, 2011-06, Vol.107 (12), p.1806-1811</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2011 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Sequoia S.A. Jun 15, 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-76cbbd5dfbfef6930333f65c7ab979a31403a2af2cafae7ceb8982cb43333aef3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-76cbbd5dfbfef6930333f65c7ab979a31403a2af2cafae7ceb8982cb43333aef3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002914911010083$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24253026$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21482417$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wilson, John R., MD</creatorcontrib><title>Rhetorical Strategies Used in the Reporting of Implantable Defibrillator Primary Prevention Trials</title><title>The American journal of cardiology</title><addtitle>Am J Cardiol</addtitle><description>Previous studies have suggest that the authors of randomized trial reports frequently use rhetorical strategies, such as framing, the use of ratios rather than absolute values to report results, and underreporting of complications, to convince readers of treatment efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine if such rhetorical strategies were used in the publication of implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) primary prevention trials. Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for all publications that described ICD primary prevention trials and that involved >100 subjects. Each publication was analyzed for evidence of message framing, the exclusive use of ratios to report outcomes, underreporting of ICD complications, and interpretation bias favoring ICD therapy. Ten publications were identified. Introductory remarks in 8 of the 10 publications cited the evaluation of ICD benefits as the sole objective and mentioned only background studies that supported ICD efficacy, suggesting message framing in support of ICD efficacy. Five publications provided no specific information about the frequency of unsuccessful ICD implantations, and 8 publications provided incomplete or no information about implantation and postimplantation complications. ICD complications were not mentioned in the discussion sections of 9 publications, and none of the publications included a comprehensive comparison of ICD benefits versus risks, consistent with interpretation bias. Ratios and statistically insignificant data were not used to emphasize ICD benefits. In conclusion, message framing, underreporting of ICD complications, and interpretation bias were used to emphasize ICD efficacy in the reporting of ICD primary prevention trials.</description><subject>Bias</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Death, Sudden, Cardiac - prevention & control</subject><subject>Defibrillators</subject><subject>Defibrillators, Implantable - adverse effects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Primary Prevention</subject><subject>Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects)</subject><subject>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - standards</subject><subject>Rhetoric</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Writing</subject><issn>0002-9149</issn><issn>1879-1913</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkttrFTEQxoMo9lj9E5QgiE-75rK3vChSb4WC0stzSLKTNutucprkFPrfm-UcK_TFp2HgNx8z3zcIvaakpoR2H6ZaLZNRcawZobQmrOaMPEEbOvSiooLyp2hDCGGVoI04Qi9SmkpLads9R0eMNgNraL9B-vwGcojOqBlf5KgyXDtI-CrBiJ3H-QbwOWxDzM5f42Dx6bKdlc9Kz4C_gHU6unlWRQH_im5R8b5UuAOfXfD4Mjo1p5fomS0FXh3qMbr69vXy5Ed19vP76cnns8q0jOeq74zWYztabcF2ghPOue1a0ysteqE4bQhXTFlmlFXQG9CDGJjRTeG4AsuP0fu97jaG2x2kLBeXDJT1PIRdkkNP2qZjAyvk20fkFHbRl-UKxDvGaSsK1O4hE0NKEazc7i-UlMg1AjnJQwRyjUASJksEZe7NQXynFxgfpv56XoB3B0ClYruNyhuX_nENazlhXeE-7Tkopt05iDIZB97A6CKYLMfg_rvKx0cKZnZ-zfo33EN6OJrKxCSRF-u_rO9CiyYhA-d_AJuwvOs</recordid><startdate>20110615</startdate><enddate>20110615</enddate><creator>Wilson, John R., MD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7Z</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110615</creationdate><title>Rhetorical Strategies Used in the Reporting of Implantable Defibrillator Primary Prevention Trials</title><author>Wilson, John R., MD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-76cbbd5dfbfef6930333f65c7ab979a31403a2af2cafae7ceb8982cb43333aef3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Bias</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Cardiovascular</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Death, Sudden, Cardiac - prevention & control</topic><topic>Defibrillators</topic><topic>Defibrillators, Implantable - adverse effects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Primary Prevention</topic><topic>Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects)</topic><topic>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - standards</topic><topic>Rhetoric</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Writing</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wilson, John R., MD</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biochemistry Abstracts 1</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of cardiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wilson, John R., MD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Rhetorical Strategies Used in the Reporting of Implantable Defibrillator Primary Prevention Trials</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of cardiology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Cardiol</addtitle><date>2011-06-15</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>107</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1806</spage><epage>1811</epage><pages>1806-1811</pages><issn>0002-9149</issn><eissn>1879-1913</eissn><coden>AJCDAG</coden><abstract>Previous studies have suggest that the authors of randomized trial reports frequently use rhetorical strategies, such as framing, the use of ratios rather than absolute values to report results, and underreporting of complications, to convince readers of treatment efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine if such rhetorical strategies were used in the publication of implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) primary prevention trials. Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for all publications that described ICD primary prevention trials and that involved >100 subjects. Each publication was analyzed for evidence of message framing, the exclusive use of ratios to report outcomes, underreporting of ICD complications, and interpretation bias favoring ICD therapy. Ten publications were identified. Introductory remarks in 8 of the 10 publications cited the evaluation of ICD benefits as the sole objective and mentioned only background studies that supported ICD efficacy, suggesting message framing in support of ICD efficacy. Five publications provided no specific information about the frequency of unsuccessful ICD implantations, and 8 publications provided incomplete or no information about implantation and postimplantation complications. ICD complications were not mentioned in the discussion sections of 9 publications, and none of the publications included a comprehensive comparison of ICD benefits versus risks, consistent with interpretation bias. Ratios and statistically insignificant data were not used to emphasize ICD benefits. In conclusion, message framing, underreporting of ICD complications, and interpretation bias were used to emphasize ICD efficacy in the reporting of ICD primary prevention trials.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>21482417</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.02.320</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Bias Biological and medical sciences Cardiology Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiovascular Clinical trials Death, Sudden, Cardiac - prevention & control Defibrillators Defibrillators, Implantable - adverse effects Humans Medical sciences Primary Prevention Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects) Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - standards Rhetoric Studies Writing |
title | Rhetorical Strategies Used in the Reporting of Implantable Defibrillator Primary Prevention Trials |
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