Characteristics and basic model of facies controlling oil and gas in continental fault basin

Geofacies are the material expression of the conditions to form sediments (sedimentary rock) in sedimentary formation. Geofacies are divided into four hierarchies from macro- to micro-perspectives, namely structural facies, sedimentary facies, lithologic facies and petrophysical facies. The hydrocarbon control function of the geofacies in different hierarchies exhibits differently. According to this research, different tectonic units and sedimentary facies in a terrestrial rifted basin control the formation and distribution of different types of hydrocarbon reservoir; the critical porosity and permeability of hydrocarbon reservoir of different tectonic units and sedimentary facies decrease as the buried depth increases; without considering the background conditions of tectonic and sedimentary facies, it is impossible to determine and evaluate the effective reservoirs according to the absolute conditions of porosity and permeability. Sand rock strata with well-sized sediment grain and favorable facies control