Chemistry on Electrospun Polymeric Nanofibers: Merely Routine Chemistry or a Real Challenge?

Nanofiber‐based non‐wovens can be prepared by electrospinning. The chemical modification of such nanofibers or chemistry using nanofibers opens a multitude of application areas and challenges. A wealth of chemistry has been elaborated in recent years on and with electrospun nanofibers. Known methods as well as new methods have been applied to modify the electrospun nanofibers and thereby generate new materials and new functionalities. This Review summarizes and sorts the chemistry that has been reported in conjunction with electrospun nanofibers. The major focus is on catalysis and nanofibers, enzymes and nanofibers, surface modification for biomedical and specialty applications, coatings of fibers, crosslinking, and bulk modifications. A critical focus is on the question: what could make chemistry on or with nanofibers different from bulk chemistry? Chemistry on or with electrospun nanofibers offers numerous opportunities for the preparation of novel materials and for the modification of nanofiber characteristics for a variety of applications. Catalysis, enzyme immobilization, surface modification for biomedical and specialty applications, chemical surface modifications, and bulk modifications of nanofibers are important areas for new challenges.