In vitro development of vitrified buffalo oocytes following parthenogenetic activation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of swamp buffalo oocytes vitrified-warmed at the metaphase of the second meiotic cell division (M-II) stage to develop to the blastocyst stage after parthenogenetic activation (PA) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In Experiment 1, we examined the effects of exposure time of oocytes to cryoprotectants (CPA) on their in vitro development after PA. In vitro matured (IVM) oocytes were placed in 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) + 10% ethylene glycol (EG) for 1 min and then exposed to 20% DMSO + 20% EG + 0.5 M sucrose for 30 s, 45 s or 60 s (1 min + 30 s, 1 min + 45 s and 1 min + 60 s groups, respectively). The oocytes were then exposed to warming solution (TCM199 HEPES + 20% FBS and 0.5M sucrose) for 5 min and then washed in TCM199 HEPES + 20% FBS for 5 min. IVM oocytes without CPA treatments served as a control group. The viability assessed by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining was 100% in all groups. The developmental rates after PA to the blastocyst stage between 1min+30s (16%) and control (26%) groups did not differ significantly, but they were significantly higher than those in 1 min + 45 s (10%) and 1 min + 60 s (2%) groups. In Experiment 2, we examined the effect of two CPA exposure times, 1 min + 30 s and 1 min + 45 s on the in vitro development after PA of oocytes vitrified by the microdrop method. The viabilities in vitrified 1 min + 30 s, 1 min + 45 s and the control (without CPA treatments) groups were not different (97%, 95% and 100%, respectively). The development of surviving oocytes to the blastocyst stage in the vitrified 1 min + 30 s group (8%) was significantly higher than that in the vitrified 1 min + 45 s group (4%) and significantly lower than those in control group (26%). In Experiment 3, we examined the effect of two CPA exposure times, 1 min + 30 s and 1 min + 45 s on in vitro development after ICSI of vitrified oocytes. Viabilities in vitrified oocytes among 1 min + 30 s, 1 min + 45 s and control groups were not different (96%, 91% and 100%, respectively). After ICSI, vitrified-warmed oocytes were activated and oocytes with the second polar body were cultured for 7 days. The development of ICSI oocytes to the blastocyst stage in the vitrified 1 min + 30 s group (11%) was significantly higher than that in the vitrified 1 min + 45 s (7%) group and significantly lower than those in control group (23%). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the 1 min + 30 s CPA trea