Coffees rich in chlorogenic acid or N-methylpyridinium induce chemopreventive phase II-enzymes via the Nrf2/ARE pathway in vitro and in vivo

Recently, the coffee constituents 5‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid (CGA) and N‐methylpyridinium (NMP) were identified as inducers of the Nrf2/antioxidant‐response element (ARE) detoxifying pathway under cell‐culture condition. To study the impact of CGA and NMP on the Nrf2‐activating properties of a complex coffee beverage, two different model coffees were generated by variation of the roasting conditions: a low‐roast coffee rich in CGA and a heavy‐roast low in CGA but containing high levels of NMP. Activation of the Nrf2/antioxidant‐response element pathway was monitored in vitro and in vivo.