Transient Heterogeneity in an Aquifer Undergoing Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons
Localized, transient heterogeneity was studied in a sand aquifer undergoing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene bioremediation using a novel array of multilevel, in situ point velocity probes (PVPs). The experiment was conducted within a sheet-pile alleyway to maintain a constant average flow...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ground water 2011-03, Vol.49 (2), p.184-196 |
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| creator | Schillig, P.C Devlin, J.F Roberts, J.A Tsoflias, G.P McGlashan, M.A |
| description | Localized, transient heterogeneity was studied in a sand aquifer undergoing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene bioremediation using a novel array of multilevel, in situ point velocity probes (PVPs). The experiment was conducted within a sheet-pile alleyway to maintain a constant average flow direction through time. The PVPs measured changes in groundwater velocity direction and magnitude at the centimeter scale, making them ideal to monitor small-scale changes in hydraulic conductivity (K). Velocities were shown to vary nonuniformly by up to a factor of 3 when a source of oxygen was established down-gradient of the petroleum spill. In spite of these local variations, the average groundwater velocity within the 7 m × 20 m sheet-piled test area only varied within ± 25%. The nonuniform nature of the velocity variations across the gate indicated that the changes were not due solely to seasonal hydraulic gradient fluctuations. At the conclusion of the experiment, microbial biomass levels in the aquifer sediments was approximately 1 order of magnitude higher in the oxygen-amended portion of the aquifer than at the edge of the plume or in locations up-gradient of the source. These data suggest that the transient velocities resulted, at least in part, from enhanced biological activity that caused transient heterogeneities in the porous medium. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00682.x |
| format | Article |
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The experiment was conducted within a sheet-pile alleyway to maintain a constant average flow direction through time. The PVPs measured changes in groundwater velocity direction and magnitude at the centimeter scale, making them ideal to monitor small-scale changes in hydraulic conductivity (K). Velocities were shown to vary nonuniformly by up to a factor of 3 when a source of oxygen was established down-gradient of the petroleum spill. In spite of these local variations, the average groundwater velocity within the 7 m × 20 m sheet-piled test area only varied within ± 25%. The nonuniform nature of the velocity variations across the gate indicated that the changes were not due solely to seasonal hydraulic gradient fluctuations. At the conclusion of the experiment, microbial biomass levels in the aquifer sediments was approximately 1 order of magnitude higher in the oxygen-amended portion of the aquifer than at the edge of the plume or in locations up-gradient of the source. These data suggest that the transient velocities resulted, at least in part, from enhanced biological activity that caused transient heterogeneities in the porous medium.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0017-467X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1745-6584</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00682.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21449092</identifier><identifier>CODEN: GRWAAP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Aerobiosis ; Aquifers ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biomass ; Bioremediation ; Carbon Dioxide - analysis ; Carbon Dioxide - metabolism ; Flow velocity ; Groundwater ; Groundwater flow ; Heterogeneity ; Hydraulics ; Hydrocarbons ; Hydrocarbons - analysis ; Hydrocarbons - metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide - analysis ; Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism ; Methane - analysis ; Methane - metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism ; Water Supply</subject><ispartof>Ground water, 2011-03, Vol.49 (2), p.184-196</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2010 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2010 National Ground Water Association</rights><rights>Copyright Ground Water Publishing Company Mar/Apr 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5452-5b7e9c280b63a007d4e26f3b025e08f930ea3e53a73b92dfb8638b22abff61703</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5452-5b7e9c280b63a007d4e26f3b025e08f930ea3e53a73b92dfb8638b22abff61703</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6584.2010.00682.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6584.2010.00682.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21449092$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schillig, P.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Devlin, J.F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roberts, J.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsoflias, G.P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGlashan, M.A</creatorcontrib><title>Transient Heterogeneity in an Aquifer Undergoing Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons</title><title>Ground water</title><addtitle>Ground Water</addtitle><description>Localized, transient heterogeneity was studied in a sand aquifer undergoing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene bioremediation using a novel array of multilevel, in situ point velocity probes (PVPs). The experiment was conducted within a sheet-pile alleyway to maintain a constant average flow direction through time. The PVPs measured changes in groundwater velocity direction and magnitude at the centimeter scale, making them ideal to monitor small-scale changes in hydraulic conductivity (K). Velocities were shown to vary nonuniformly by up to a factor of 3 when a source of oxygen was established down-gradient of the petroleum spill. In spite of these local variations, the average groundwater velocity within the 7 m × 20 m sheet-piled test area only varied within ± 25%. The nonuniform nature of the velocity variations across the gate indicated that the changes were not due solely to seasonal hydraulic gradient fluctuations. At the conclusion of the experiment, microbial biomass levels in the aquifer sediments was approximately 1 order of magnitude higher in the oxygen-amended portion of the aquifer than at the edge of the plume or in locations up-gradient of the source. These data suggest that the transient velocities resulted, at least in part, from enhanced biological activity that caused transient heterogeneities in the porous medium.</description><subject>Aerobiosis</subject><subject>Aquifers</subject><subject>Biodegradation, Environmental</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Bioremediation</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - analysis</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - metabolism</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater flow</subject><subject>Heterogeneity</subject><subject>Hydraulics</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons - analysis</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons - metabolism</subject><subject>Hydrogen Sulfide - analysis</subject><subject>Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism</subject><subject>Methane - analysis</subject><subject>Methane - metabolism</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism</subject><subject>Water Supply</subject><issn>0017-467X</issn><issn>1745-6584</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk-P0zAQxSMEYsvCV4CIC1xSxnb8JwcOZQUtUsUi0bLcLKeZVC6tvWsnov32OGTpgQPgi0f27z2N5znLcgJTktab3ZTIkheCq3JKIZ0CCEWnxwfZ5HzxMJsAEFmUQn67yJ7EuAMAVkH1OLugpCxTRSfZ9SoYFy26Ll9gh8Fv0aHtTrl1uXH57K63LYZ87RoMW2_dNn9nfcADNtZ01rvct_ni1AS_MaH2Lj7NHrVmH_HZ_X6ZrT-8X10tiuX1_OPVbFkYXnJa8FpitaEKasEMgGxKpKJlNVCOoNqKARqGnBnJ6oo2ba0EUzWlpm5bQSSwy-zV6Hsb_F2PsdMHGze43xuHvo9aCWBSklL8m-RVWSmmVCJf_5Ukgqe5UcFIQl_-ge58H1x68eBHQJVSJkiN0Cb4GAO2-jbYgwknTUAPOeqdHuLSQ1x6yFH_ylEfk_T5vX9fp1mfhb-DS8DbEfhh93j6b2M9v5mtUpX0xai3scPjWW_Cdy0kk1zffJprLpdMff5K9SLxL0a-NV6bbbBRr78kZwakSj8sdfQTBcTCjg</recordid><startdate>201103</startdate><enddate>201103</enddate><creator>Schillig, P.C</creator><creator>Devlin, J.F</creator><creator>Roberts, J.A</creator><creator>Tsoflias, G.P</creator><creator>McGlashan, M.A</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Ground Water Publishing Company</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201103</creationdate><title>Transient Heterogeneity in an Aquifer Undergoing Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons</title><author>Schillig, P.C ; 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| ispartof | Ground water, 2011-03, Vol.49 (2), p.184-196 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library |
| subjects | Aerobiosis Aquifers Biodegradation, Environmental Biomass Bioremediation Carbon Dioxide - analysis Carbon Dioxide - metabolism Flow velocity Groundwater Groundwater flow Heterogeneity Hydraulics Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons - analysis Hydrocarbons - metabolism Hydrogen Sulfide - analysis Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism Methane - analysis Methane - metabolism Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - metabolism Water Supply |
| title | Transient Heterogeneity in an Aquifer Undergoing Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons |
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