Young without plastic surgery: Perceptual adaptation to the age of female and male faces

► Adaptation to old faces causes a subsequent face to be perceived as younger (and vice versa). ► Age adaptation is reduced for across-gender pairs. ► Simultaneous opposite age aftereffects are shown for male and female faces. ► Age and gender in faces are not independently processed. Adaptation influences perception not only of simple stimulus qualities such as motion or colour, but also of complex stimuli such as faces. Here we demonstrate contrastive aftereffects of adaptation to facial age. In Experiment 1, participants adapted to either young or old faces, and subsequently estimated the age of morphed test faces with interpolated ages of 30, 40, 50 or 60years. Following adaptation to old adaptors, test faces were classified as much younger when compared to classifications of the same test faces following adaptation to young faces, which in turn caused subjective test face “aging”. These aftereffects were reduced but remained clear even when facial gender changed between adaptor and test faces. In Experiment 2, we induced simultaneous opposite age aftereffects for female and male faces. Overall, these results demonstrate interactions in the perception of facial age and gender, and support dissociable neuronal coding of male and female faces.