The Differences between Male and Female Speech in Karaja and Other Brazilian Languages: Typological Aspects

After summarizing the differences between male & female speech in Karaja described earlier (Borges, 1997), the presence of such distinctions in four other Amerindian languages of Brazil is investigated: Xavante (Ge), Kamayura (Tupi Guarani), Kokama (Tupi-Guarani), & Piraha (Mura). A typological comparison with Karaja data reveals that in this language & in Piraha, the male-female speech differences are manifested mostly on the phonological-phonetic level whereas in Xavante, Kamayura, & Kokama these differences are usually limited to morphosyntax. 10 References. Adapted from the source document