'Becoming the man that women desire': Gender Identities and Dominant Discourses in E-mail Advertising Language

Haraway (1985, 1991) presents a futuristic, utopian vision of a gender-free space as the distinction between human & machine becomes indistinct in the age of global technologization. This article explores how such an idealized perspective corresponds with the current reality of gender identity in cyberspace. The fluidity of gender identities is examined by conducting a linguistic analysis of the strategies advertisers use to address their targeted subjects via electronic mail (email). The option of gender neutrality is available within email as a user's gender identity can be concealed by a non-gender specific user name, & data are analysed from a series of messages sent to a non-gender specific email account hosted by one of the worlds' largest email service providers. While the fluidity of gender identity can be clearly observed, a quantitative analysis reveals that the targeted gender identity is one of heterosexual masculinity. Despite recent statistics that women now use the Internet just as frequently as men, disembodied advertisers can be viewed constructing fictional personae to entice male recipients to pay for heterosexual pornography or products to enhance male heterosexual performance. When female gender identity is invoked within these messages, women are viewed as passive & consumable (Mills, 1995). Therefore, instead of producing an environment where distinctions between genders are diminished as Haraway hoped, binary oppositions are intensified as the dominant gender discourses of femininity & masculinity are produced & reproduced through these messages. 5 Tables, 33 References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright 2004.]