The Deep Structure of Adjectives and Participles in Russian

An analysis of the deep structure and transformations involved in the syntactic derivation of long and short forms of adjectives and participles in Russian serves here as the basis for a discussion of the notion 'parts of speech' in a transformational grammar. It is suggested that a grammar must distinguish between deep-structure parts of speech (introduced by the base rules) and surface-structure or derived parts of speech, i.e. deep-structure categories in transformationally derived phrase-marker configurations which are impossible at the level of deep structure. For example, it is demonstrated that the active participle in modern Russian is a deeper verb transformationally introduced into the constituency of an NP; thus active participles will occur in Russian whenever a [... V...]NP configuration occurs in the surface structure.