A modified in vitro larvae migration inhibition assay using rumen fluid to evaluate Haemonchus contortus viability

Anthelmintic effects of plant secondary compounds may be occurring in the rumen, but in vitro larvae migration inhibition (LMI) methods using rumen fluid and forage material have not been widely used. Forage material added to an in vitro system can affect rumen pH, ammonia N, and volatile fatty acids, which may affect larvae viability (LV). Validating a LMI assay using rumen fluid and a known anthelmintic drug (Ivermectin) and a known anthelmintic plant extract (Quebracho tannins; QT) is important. Rumen fluid was collected and pooled from 3 goats, mixed with buffer solution and a treatment (1 jar/treatment), and placed into an anaerobic incubator for 16h. Ensheathed larvae (