Role of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ([1H]MRSI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in identifying prostate cancer foci in patients with negative biopsy and high levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in detecting tumour foci in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and negative transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy. Materials and methods This prospective randomised trial was conducted on 150 patients who underwent [ 1 H]MRSI and DCE-MRI and targeted biopsies of suspicious areas on MRI associated with random biopsies. Results After the second biopsy, the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma was made in 64/150 cases. On a perpatient basis, MRSI had 82.8% sensitivity, 91.8% specificity, 88.3% positive predictive value (PPV), 87.8% negative predictive value (NPV) and 85.7% diagnostic accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy for DCE-MRI was 76.5%, 89.5%, 84.5%, 83.7% and 82%, respectively. The combination of MRSI and DCE-MRI yielded 93.7% sensitivity, 90.7% specificity, 88.2% PPV, 95.1% NPV and 90.9% accuracy in detecting prostate carcinoma. Conclusions The combined study with [1H]MRSI and DCE-MRI showed promising results in guiding the biopsy of cancer foci in patients with an initial negative TRUS-guided biopsy.