Prevalence of Needlestick Injuries and other High Risk Exposures Among Healthcare Workers in Jamaica

To assess the prevalence of needlestick injuries (NSIs) and other high risk exposures among healthcare workers at two hospitals in Jamaica. Employing a cross-sectional study design, medical personnel (physicians, nurses) at two hospitals in Jamaica, were studied, utilizing a structured questionnaire consisting of 14 items to collect data on needle stick injuries and other injuries. There were 67 needlestick injuries in 47 persons. Of those sustaining an injury, 52% of physicians and 40% of nurses had NSIs. Re-capping needles accounted for 21% of injuries, various minor procedures, 21%, injury during surgery, 19.4% and taking blood, 12%. In those sustaining NSIs, 47% were reported and 26% of reported cases received counselling. Appropriate blood tests were performed on 34% and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV was administered to 30%. Hollow bore needles caused 47.8% of injuries, 25.4% occurred with suture needles and 19.4% with intravenous branulas. Other occupational exposure was reported by 31%, including blood on hands and other body parts 39%, blood to face and eyes, 18%, splashed with liquor, 18%, splashed with bloody fluid, 11% and contact with vomitus and urine in eye, 4%. Needlestick injuries and other high risk exposures were high; incident reporting and post exposure management were inadequate. A comprehensive programme to address factors that contribute to the occurrence of NSIs and other occupational exposures is urgently needed.