Dissipation of oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, tetracycline and doxycycline using HPLC–UV and LC/MS/MS under aquatic semi-field microcosm conditions

A mixture of four tetracyclines; oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC), tetracycline (TC), and doxycycline (DC) was applied in fifteen 12 000 l outdoor microcosms at four treatment levels plus controls each with three replicates ( n = 3). The dissipation times of parent compounds were monitored and half-lives (DT 50) of 1–4 days, depending on treatment level were recorded. This is in accordance with half-lives from previous findings in bench-top experiments. Parent compound DT 50, were determined using HPLC–UV. Furthermore, the samples were analyzed for ten different tetracycline products using LC/MS/MS. Two products were found for chlortetracycline; 4-epi-anh-chlortetracyline and the iso-chlortetracycline. Iso-forms were only found for CTC and only at the highest treatment (300 μg l −1). The half-lives, trajectories, and relative amounts of the products were analogous for all four tetracyclines. DT 50 for products were less than 1.2 days. Formation of 4-epi-anh-tetracyclines, occurred at neutral to weak alkaline conditions.