A Two-Factor Model of Successful Aging

Objectives. To propose and test a conceptual two-factor model of successful aging that includes objective and subjective components. Methods. Data were derived from 5,688 persons aged 50–74 years living in New Jersey who participated in the ORANJ BOWL panel. Participants were recruited using random digit dial procedures and interviewed by telephone. A measurement model was developed and tested using data from two independent samples (each n = 1,000); a structural model examining the effects of age and gender was tested using data from another 3,688 people. Results. Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a multidimensional model incorporating objective criteria and subjective perceptions. Age and gender were associated with objective but not subjective success. Discussion. Results add rigor to the measurement of a construct that has intrigued philosophers and scientists for hundreds of years, providing the empirical foundation on which to build research about successful aging.