Insulin-like hypoglycemic and immunological activities in honeybee royal jelly

An aqueous extract of royal jelly from Apis mellifera produced hypoglycemia when injected into larvae of Manduca sexta. Application of specific radioimmunoassay to the partially-purified extract showed that royal jelly contains several insulin-like peptides, the major immunoreactive component of which has an apparent mol. wt similar to that of bovine insulin. These results suggest the existence of a peptide in the honeybee having both biological and structural similarities to vertebrate insulin.