Progress towards environmental justice: A five-year perspective of toxicity, race and poverty in Michigan, 1990-1995

Much present research on the relationship between socio-economic factors and the siting of sources of environmental pollution has focused primarily on race and income. Using census data, time-based data from multiple sources of pollution, and rates of cancers and low birth weight in the state of Michigan by zip code, a multivariate model is presented that can distinguish the effects of race, income and other land use characteristics on: 1. the location of different sources of pollution, 2. progress toward clean-up of contaminated waste and 3. how pollution is associated with measures of public health.