Personal Ideology Polarity: Its Emotional Foundation and Its Manifestation in Individual Value Systems, Religiosity, Political Orientation, and Assumptions Concerning Human Nature

Personal ideology is an individual's philosophy of how life should be lived and of what forces influence human living. In this study S. S. Tomkins's (1963b , 1965 , 1978 , 1987 ) polarity theory of ideology was used to examine the manifestation of personal ideology in 4 value-laden domains of personality. Tomkins's theoretical postulates concerning the emotional foundation of personal ideology also were tested. Analyses revealed that the 2 defining dimensions of polarity theory-humanism and normativism-are related in the predicted meaningful ways to value systems, assumptions concerning human nature, religiosity, and political orientation. Evidence also was found for Tomkins's contention that specific affect clusters serve as the foundation of personal ideology. Participants who scored high in humanism ideology related autobiographical memories containing the emotion cluster of joy, distress, fear, and shame, whereas the memories of participants with normative ideologies contained relatively more anger.