Role of the disulfide bridge and the C-terminal tripeptide in the antidiuretic action of vasopressin in man and the rat

Role of the disulfide bridge and the C-terminal tripeptide in the antidiuretic action of vasopressin in man and the rat. The antidiuretic action of a number of vasopressin analogues has been measured in the rat and man in water diuresis. These analogues had the following categories of structural alteration: a) substitution of -CH2CH2- (di-carba) and -SCH2- (6-monocarba) for the natural -SS- bridge between residues 1 and 6, b) changes in the nature of the C-terminal tripeptide produced by substitution of D-arginine and L-Nα-methylarginine forL-arginine in sequence position 8 andL-leucine for proline in position 7, and c) combinations of a and b. In addition, a highly active analogue which results when valine is substituted for glutamine in position 4 was tested. Trained, unanesthetized rats and normal human volunteers were complemented by a volunteer patient with posttraumatic diabetes insipidus (DI) in the total group of experimental subjects. The only change in the C-terminal tripep-tide which was associated with a high antidiuretic action was D-Arg substitution. The meArg and Leu analogues showed low to very little activity and no signs of antidiuretic antagonist action. All of the carba analogues showed both high potency and prolongation of antidiuretic action in the following order (for both potency and duration): monocarba + 8-D-Arg > 4-Val + 8-D-Arg > 8-D-Arg alone, all in deamino form. None of the 8-D-Arg analogues had any side effects on the cardiovascular system, gut, uterus, bladder, etc. The prolongation was such that even with a DI patient refractory to the action of lysine-vasopressin and relatively resistant to deamino-[8-D-Arg]-vasopressin, water turnover could be reduced from untreated levels of 20 to 30 liters/day to