Wheezing in preschool children is associated with increased levels of cytokines/chemokines in exhaled breath condensate

[...]we did find elevated levels of IL-5 in children with recurrent wheeze, a marker involved in the activation of eosinophils. [...]our results strengthen the current opinion that multiple mechanisms lead to episodes of wheeze at preschool age.5 No differences in FeNO levels and EBC markers in children with atopy compared with children without atopy were found. [...]we demonstrated that EBC collection, offline FeNO, and airway resistance measurements are feasible in preschool children.