Diagnostic biomarkers differentiating metastatic melanoma patients from healthy controls identified by an integrated MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry/bioinformatic approach

The prognosis of advanced metastatic melanoma (American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV) remains dismal with a 5‐year survival rate of 6–18%. In the present study, an integrated MALDI mass spectrometric approach combined with artificial neural networks (ANNs) analysis and modeling has been used for the identification of biomarker ions in serum from stage IV melanoma patients allowing the discrimination of metastatic disease from healthy status with high specificities of 92% for protein ions and 100% for peptide biomarkers. Our ANNs model also correctly classified 98% of a blind validation set of AJCC stage I melanoma samples as nonstage IV samples, emphasizing the power of the newly defined biomarkers to identify patients with late‐stage metastatic melanoma. Sequence analysis identified peptides derived from metastasis‐associated proteins; alpha 1‐acid glycoprotein precursor‐1/2 (AAG‐1/2) and complement C3 component precursor‐1 (CCCP‐1). Furthermore, quantitation of serum AAG by an immunoassay showed a significant (p