Clinical applications of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology

Pulsed echo ultrasound is a valid and reliable procedure and is being employed with increasing frequency in the study of many obstetric and gynecologic problems. Experience with over 3,000 patients indicates a high degree of accuracy in diagnosis of early pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, hydatid mole, and fetal death; in placental localization, and in the measurement of biparietal diameter of the fetal head. Serial measurements of the biparietal diameter are valuable in following growth and development and in determining maturity. This is particularly useful in establishing the time for elective repeat cesarean section. In conjunction with other diagnostic procedures and clinical judgement, ultrasound is helpful in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses, in following the progress of cancer cases under therapy, and in localization of intrauterine contraceptive devices. Toxicity studies indicate low-intensity ultrasound is safe for both the mother and fetus.