Congenital bronchial artery-pulmonary artery fistula in an adult

We report the case of a 21-year-old man who presented with a hilar mass and whose condition was diagnosed as a congenital anomalous communication between the bronchial and pulmonary artery. We review his lung vascular embryology and anatomy that led to this rare systemic to pulmonary arterial shunt, describe other etiologies that may lead to abnormal systemic artery to pulmonary artery communication, and briefly discuss treatment options.