Application of landscape ecology in marine resources and environment: Discussion on oceomscape ecology development

Landscape ecology research has long been focused on the terrestrial landscapes, and has reached great achievements in many aspects, such as land-uses and vegetation degradation, whereas few attentions have been on the landscape issues with marine background. In this article, we discussed the application of landscape ecology principles on marine algae bloom, marine oil spill, sea uses, coastal wetland ecological processes, island landscape and marinu pollution, and ect. Particularly, our discussion emphasizes on (1) the heterogeneity of the oceanscape and the relationships between its spatial patterns and ecological processes operating at the corresponding scales, (2) the edge effects and coastal zone management, (3) assessment of the patterns of the oceanscape, (4) spatio-temporal modeling for marine ecological systems.