Transcription of LINE‐derived sequences in exercise‐induced stress in horses

A large proportion of mammalian genomes is represented by transposable elements (TE), most of them being long interspersed nuclear elements 1 (LINE‐1 or L1). An increased expression of LINE‐1 elements may play an important role in cellular stress-related conditions exerting drastic effects on the mammalian transcriptome. To understand the impact of TE on the known horse transcriptome, we masked the horse EST database, pointing out that the amount is consistent with other major vertebrates. A previously developed transcript‐derived fragments (TDFs) dataset, deriving from exercise‐stimulated horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), was found to be enriched with L1 (26.8% in terms of bp). We investigated the involvement of TDFs in exercise‐induced stress through bioinformatics and gene expression analysis. Results indicate that LINE‐derived sequences are not only highly but also differentially expressed during physical effort, hinting at interesting scenarios in the regulation of gene expression in relation to exercise.