Detection of herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens by DNA hybridization

An assay to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in clinical specimens has been developed. It utilizes nucleic acid hybridization with a 32P-labeled DNA probe prepared from a fragment of HSV DNA cloned in a plasmid vector. This assay can detect 5 × 104 plaque-forming units of cell-free HSV and as few as four virus-infected cells. The assay has a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 100% compared to virus culture for the detection of HSV in swab specimens from genital lesions. No hybridization is observed with uninfected, varicella-zoster virus infected, or cytomegalovirus infected cells, and specimens from herpes zoster lesions are uniformly negative. While hybridization with a 32P-labeled probe is not optimally suited for routine diagnostic use, this report establishes the feasibility of using nucleic acid hybridization to detect HSV in clinical specimens.