Affective disorders and cognitive performance: A clinical report

A study of 27 manic-depressives (some with histories of up to 65 years' duration and 100 attacks) showed that it is a disorder from which the patient can make a complete recovery without any cognitive deterioration. Many of these patients have had courses of the traditional drug and physical treatments (including ECT) used in mental hospitals over the last half century. This indicates that such treatments themselves need not produce deterioration.