The 5′ noncoding region of the type 2 poliovirus vaccine strain contains determinants of attenuation and temperature sensitivity

Intratypic recombinants of P2/Sabin and P2/117, a neurovirulent vaccine revenant, have been generated in vitro using infectious cDNA clones and used to demonstrate that strong determinants of the attenuation and temperature-sensitive phenotypes of P2/Sabin reside in the 5′ 492 nucleotides. In this region of the genome the viruses differ only at nucleotides 437 and 481. The is phenotype associated with the 5′ noncoding region is expressed at different temperatures in different cell lines, suggesting an involvement of cellular factors which may be species specific. Suppression of both the is and attenuation phenotypes correlates with an A-G mutation at nucleotide 481, although other changes are also involved.