Involvement of the amygdaloid complex in neuromodulatory influences on memory storage

Neuromodulatory systems activated by training experiences appear to play a role in influencing memory storage processes. The research summarized in this paper examined the effects, on memory, of posttraining administration of treatments affecting adrenergic, opioid peptidergic and GABAergic systems. When administered after training, drugs affecting these systems all produce dose- and time-dependent effects on memory storage. The drug effects on memory are blocked by lesions of the amygdaloid complex as well as lesions of the stria terminalis, a major amygdala pathway. The effects of drugs affecting these neuromodulatory systems are also blocked by injections of β-adrenergic antagonists administered to the amygdaloid complex. Thus, the findings suggest that the neuromodulatory systems affect memory storage through influences involving the activation of β-adrenergic receptors within the amygdala. These findings are consistent with the view that the amygdala is involved in regulating the storage of memory in other brain regions.