Sexual dimorphism characterizes baboon myocardial androgen receptors but not myocardial estrogen and progesterone receptors

Using biochemical methods we established that estrogen receptor content and distribution and progesterone receptor content in female and male baboon myocardium did not differ between sexes. In contrast, myocardial androgen receptor distribution between cytosolic and nuclear compartments was sexually dimorphic. Female baboon myocardial andregen receptors were restricted to the cytosolic compartment, whereas male myocardial androgen receptors were distributed between the cytosolic and nuclear compartments. Using human estrogen receptor cDNA we showed that baboon aorta, myocardium and uterus contain a 6.3 kb estrogen receptor transcript. Analyses performed with human progesterone receptor cDNA established that baboon aorta and uterus contain an 8 kb progesterone receptor transcript; however, progesterone receptor transcripts were not demonstrable in baboon myocardial RNA preparations. Because relative hybridization signal intensity reflected known uterine and aortic progesterone receptor content, failure to detect progesterone receptor transcripts in myocardial preparations may reflect sensitivity limitations and the fact that aortic progesterone receptor content is 5-fold greater than that of myocardium. Immunocytochemical analyses demonstrated that baboon myocardial progesterone receptors were present in greater than 25% of myocytes and generally absent from other myocardial cells. Our studies establish that: (1) gonadal steroid hormone receptor gene transcription occurs in cells of the baboon cardiovasculature, (2) thes steroid hormone receptors may be physiologically functional, and (3) gonadal steroid hormone receptors may be restricted to specialized cells of the cardiovasculature.