Gadolinium determination in tissue samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in evaluation of the action of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

The quantitative determination of Gd-containing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents in animal tissues is performed by both ICP-AES and ICP-MS. While ICP-AES has been used to determine Gd-containing contrast agents by other workers, no published methodology has been found. An accurate and precise method using nitric acid and microwave digestion for sample preparation is described. Dosed rat tissue, blood and plasma were measured by both ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The ICP-AES method is excellent for screening Gd levels and quantitative determination of concentrations above 400 ng ml-1, but it lacks the sensitivity to measure agent concentrations in low dose MRI studies. This work demonstrates that ICP-MS has the needed sensitivity to replace radiotracer methods currently used for low dose studies, while maintaining the accuracy and precision of results obtained by ICP-AES. Gadolinium detection limits in tissue were 0.04 mumol of Gd per kg of tissue, an order of magnitude lower than studies using radiotracer techniques.