Clinical and ultrasonic long-term results of percutaneous transluminal carotid angioplasty. A prospective follow-up of 30 carotid angioplasties

Experience of the long-term outcome of patients treated with carotid balloon angioplasty is limited. Therefore, we prospectively analyzed the ultrasonic and clinical features of 29 patients with complete follow-up data beyond 24 months, evaluated from 1989 through 1996 from our carotid angioplasty cohort of 106 patients. Mean follow-up time was 33 months. For up to 78 months postangioplasty, 23 patients with 24 angioplasties (77%) had no further neurological sequelae. Single ipsilateral amaurosis fugax or TIA events occurred in 3 patients. Recurrent ipsilateral amaurosis fugax or TIA events were noted twice in 2 patients. No patient suffered an ipsilateral stroke. Fifteen angioplasties (50%) remained with normal ultrasound (stenosis < 50%), mild restenosis (50-70%) occurred in 12 angioplasties (40%), and severe restenosis (> 70%) in 3 angioplasties (10%). Only in 2 of 15 patients clinical complications were related to the occurrence of ipsilateral restenosis above 50%. Until now, rigorous and careful evaluation of patients and clinical and ultrasonic follow-up have been essential for the estimation of the long-term efficacy of carotid angioplasty. It should be noted that carotid angioplasty is a new technique in evolution, with a high potential improving the technical results.