High-avidity autoantibodies to cytokines

The increased use of recombinant cytokines and cytokine analogues in various disease therapies emphasizes the importance of antibodies to cytokines. Here, Klaus Bendtzen and colleagues discuss how immunological tolerance to cytokines may be broken, and the clinical relevance of cytokine autoantibodies. They also comment on the implications for refined passive immunization and cytokine vaccination strategies.