The Relationship between Mutual Family Relations and Child Psychopathology

The associations of the mutual mother–child, father–child, and mother–father relationship and various patterns of family relations with child psychopathology were investigated in a sample of 137 families referred to outpatient mental health services. Assessment of the relative association of the different family dyads showed that both the mother–child and the mother–father relationship were related to child problem behaviour. However, whereas the mother–child relationship was consistently more related to externalising behaviour, the mother–father relationship was particularly related to internalising behaviour. Our findings gave clear support for the cumulative risk model: having more negatively qualified relationships was associated with more problem behaviour. Furthermore, our results suggested a protective influence of the parent–child relationship: having one or two positive parent–child relationships was associated with less problem behaviour. No support was found for the cross-generational coalition hypothesis. Implications for future research are discussed.