Catalytic Activation of the Phosphatase MKP-3 by ERK2 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

MAP kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) dephosphorylates phosphotyrosine and phosphothreonine and inactivates selectively ERK family mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. MKP-3 was activated by direct binding to purified ERK2. Activation was independent of protein kinase activity and required binding of ERK2 to the noncatalytic amino-terminus of MKP-3. Neither the gain-of-function Sevenmaker ERK2 mutant D319N nor c-Jun amino-terminal kinase-stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) or p38 MAP kinases bound MKP-3 or caused its catalytic activation. These kinases were also resistant to enzymatic inactivation by MKP-3. Another homologous but nonselective phosphatase, MKP-4, bound and was activated by ERK2, JNK/SAPK, and p38 MAP kinases. Catalytic activation of MAP kinase phosphatases through substrate binding may regulate MAP kinase activation by a large number of receptor systems.