Chronic Treatment with Propranolol Induces Antioxidant Changes and Protects Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

The goal of this study was to examine whether chronic administration of propranolol offers protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury and whether it induces any change in the myocardial endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and their gene expression. Rats were treated with propranolol (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for either 6 or 18 days. Forty-eight h after the last propranolol injection, isolated hearts were subjected to 60 min of global ischemia and 40 min of reperfusion. Resting tension in the control and treated groups after ischemia was 385±30 and 150±15%; and upon reperfusion was 140±11 and 49±6%, respectively, as compared to the pre-ischemic values. Recovery of the contractile function in globally ischemic hearts upon reperfusion was about 35% in the treated group as compared to about 16% in the control group at 10 and 20 min. A positive response to catecholamine was observed in hearts from propranolol group (C, 3.41±0.36; epi, 6.03±0.47 g/g) and was comparable to control hearts (C, 3.55±0.31; epi, 6.48±0.42 g/g). Myocardial antioxidants, catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities, in the treated group, prior to ischemia–reperfusion were increased by 67±9 and 45±11%, respectively, over those in controls. Superoxide dismutase activity did not show any change. The mRNA expression for the three antioxidant enzymes did not change in the hearts of the treated group as compared to control. Lipid peroxidation, both before and after the ischemia–reperfusion episode, was significantly reduced in the propranolol-treated hearts compared to the control group. Hearts studied at the end of reperfusion showed no difference in enzyme activities between treated and control groups. These data show that propranolol treatment of the animals protects against ischemia–reperfusion injury in isolated hearts in the absence of β-blockade. Increased endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities due to propranolol treatment may have a role in this protection.