The possible significance of parallel changes in plasma lutein and retinol in Pakistani infants during the summer season

Recent evidence suggests that plasma lutein is better correlated than either β-carotene or lycopene with its respective carotenoid intake and therefore may be a better marker of vegetable intake than either β-carotene or lycopene. In the study reported in this paper, measurements of plasma carotenes and retinol were made in infants from two villages near Peshawar in the North West Frontier Province, Pakistan, in July and November 1993. The approximate age at the start was 14 months, and 101 boys and ninety girls completed the study. Of the usual plasma carotenes, only lutein was measurable in all samples and was correlated with retinol in both boys (r 0.38, P < 0.0001; r 0.35, P < 0.001) and girls (r 0.21, P = 0.038; r 0.307, P = 0.003) at the two time points respectively. In addition, the change in lutein was even more strongly correlated with the change in retinol in both boys (r 0.453, P