Late hemodynamic results after orthotopic heart transplantation in early infancy

To study the late hemodynamic results after infant orthotopic heart transplantation, five late survivors, as of October 1988, underwent right and left cardiac catheterization and endomyocardial biopsy. Mean age at transplantation was 1.4 ± 1.5 months. Mean post‐transplantation period was 17 ± 5.6 months. All patients were on maintenance immunotherapy. The systemic and mixed venous saturations were normal, with no intracardiac shunt. The atrial and pulmonary artery anastomoses were widely patent. Three patients had coarctation of the aorta with a respective gradient of 24, 26, and 30 mm Hg; two were successfully treated by balloon angioplasty. The right‐side hemodynamics were normal in all patients. Left ventricular pressures were elevated only in the patients with coarctation. The ventricular ejection fraction was normal. The right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed no evidence of rejection. The mean cardiac index was 4.7 liter/min/m2 (range, 3.68–5.9). These data indicate excellent hemodynamic results and support orthotopic heart transplantation as therapy for selected neonates and infants with incurable heart disease.