Bacteriophage T4 early promoter regions: Consensus sequences of promoters and ribosome-binding sites

Twenty-nine early promoters from bacteriophage T4 and 14 early promoters from bacteriophage T6 were isolated using vector M13HDL17, a promoterless derivative of M13mp8 carrying a linker sequence, the bacteriophage λ-terminator t R1, and the lacZ′ gene including part of its ribosome-binding site. The consensus sequence for the T4 promoters is: ▪ Ribosome-binding sites of T4 share the sequence: 5′… g. GGAga.. aA.ATGAa . a…3′ The consensus sequence of the T4 early promoter regions is significantly different in sequence and length from that of Escherichia coli promoters. Only one of the promoters detected with vector M13HDL17 resembled a typical bacterial promoter. The high information content raises the possibility that additional proteins recognize and contact nucleotides within the promoter region. All T4 early promoters also carry DNA sequences that could support DNA curving, a structural feature that might contribute to promoter recognition.