Renal transplantation in children following augmentation ureterocystoplasty

To assess the impact of augmentation ureterocystoplasty on the success of cadaveric renal transplantation in children with dysfunctional bladders. Two patients with end-stage renal failure secondary to dysfunctional bladders (one myelodysplasia and one posterior urethral valves) underwent augmentation ureterocystoplasty prior to renal transplantation in order to increase bladder capacity and improve compliance. Significant improvement of bladder storage function was achieved in both patients. By the use of megaureter for augmentation, untoward sequelae of enteric or gastric augmentation were obviated. Renal transplantation was successful in both patients. Both have normal renal function 4 and 3 years after transplantation. Renal transplantation into bladders previously augmented with megaureters is successful. The use of urothelial-lined biomaterial for augmentation avoids the potential complications of gastro- or enterocystoplasty, which are especially dangerous in transplant patients.