The use of surgical sympathectomy in the treatment of chronic renal pain

Objective To assess the efficacy of renal sympathetic denervation in the treatment of chronic renal pain. Patients and methods In a 10‐year period, 21 patients suffering from chronic renal pain underwent 27 renal denervation operations, six of which were bilateral. The cause of pain was the loin pain haematuria syndrome in 18 patients. Results Four operations resulted in complete pain relief to date (median follow‐up 53.5 months). Pain relief after the other 23 operations in 18 patients lasted a median of 6 months. Assuming that recurrent pain was due to neuronal regeneration, nine of the 18 patients with recurrent pain underwent a total of 10 re‐explorations of the renal pedicle, stripping it of all nerve fibres and areolar tissue. Three of these re‐explorations produced complete pain relief to date (median follow‐up 40 months). The median pain‐free interval of the other seven re‐explorations in six patients was 19 months. Conclusion Renal denervation cures severe intractable pain in about 25% of patients. Recurrence of pain could be prevented in more patients if there was a way of preventing re‐innervation.