Disseminated granulomatous disease in a simian immunodeficiency virus- and bacille Calmette-Guèrin-infected rhesus monkey

Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV results in high rates of active tuberculosis, and possibly in an acceleration of the progression of AIDS. Although the attenuated Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been widely used as a vaccine for protection against tuberculosis, the recent pandemic of HIV infection has raised serious concerns about its safety in HIV-infected individuals. We have observed a case of disseminated tuberculosis-like disease in a rhesus monkey infected with both simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and BCG.