The effect of sequential three-monthly hormone replacement therapy on several cardiovascular risk estimators in postmenopausal women

To investigate the changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidizability, and plasma homocysteine during postmenopausal sequential 3-monthly hormone replacement therapy. Open longitudinal prospective study. Gynecological outpatient department of a university hospital. Thirty-nine healthy nonhysterectomized postmenopausal women. Oral conjugated estrogen, 0.625 mg/d, combined with oral medrogestone 10 mg/d during the last 14 days of each 84-day treatment cycle. The treatment was given for four treatment cycles of 84 days (1 year). Plasma lipids and lipoproteins, LDL oxidizability, and plasma homocysteine. After 1 year of treatment plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were 3.5% and 8.7% lower, respectively. High density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and triglycerides were 6.5%, 9.0% and 16% higher, respectively. Apolipoprotein B concentration remained unchanged. The results on LDL oxidizability were inconsistent. Plasma homocysteine decreased with 12.3% during the first 6 months of treatment in women with higher homocysteine concentrations at baseline. These values returned to baseline levels during the second half year of treatment. This sequential hormone regimen induced beneficial changes in the conventional lipid and lipoprotein risk estimators, whereas the observed changes in the other markers remained inconclusive and/or of minor importance.