Immunotherapy of cancer by peptide-based vaccines for the induction of tumor-specific T cell immunity

Recent progress in defining the molecular nature of antigens and in finding ways to manipulate T cell-mediated immune responses may provide new modalities for cancer treatment. In this report, we review preclinical studies as well as the first clinical trials with vaccination strategies aiming at the induction of anti-tumor immunity. In particular, we focus on the development of a vaccine against human papillomavirus-induced cervical carcinoma.