Clinical Presentation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Metropolitan Tokyo

The clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Japan were surveyed utilizing questionnaires completed by 48 institutes around the Tokyo metropolitan area. We found 11 Japanese artd six foreign patients. The average number of patients per institute was 0.37. The Japanese patients had advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A middle aged man, with fever and cough, nonspecific chest X-ray infiltrates, decreased lymphocyte counts, and a negative tuberculin skin test was the typical presentation of the Japanese patients. The clinical diagnosis was often difficult. The smear positive rate was high among those from whom smears were obtained, suggesting high communicability. None of the isolates indicated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at the time of diagnosis. In conclusion, sputum smear and culture remain the keys to diagnosing tuberculosis in patients with AIDS, although the clinical picture may be atypical for pulmonary tuberculosis. (Internal Medicine 35: 946-952, 1996)