The effects of isosexual rearing on adult sexual behavior in captive male rhesus macaques

The sexual competence of males reared only with other males (isosexually reared) was compared to the sexual competence of males reared in mixed-sex peer groups (heterosexually reared). All subjects were pair-tested with the same 11 females. Isosexually reared males tended to be less sexually active than heterosexually reared males, but the differences were not pronounced. Heterosexually reared males took less time to ejaculate than isosexually reared males, but their ejaculatory frequencies were comparable. Among one peer group of isosexually reared males, their level of sexual competence conformed with their dominance ranks when immature. These results suggest that growing up with female peers is not a prerequisite for the expression of adult sexual behavior among male rhesus macaques and that adult male sexual behavior may be influenced by relative dominance status when immature.